“The standard is the first unified and comprehensive specification for the operation related to transport packaging, which can minimize the package damage caused by different links and different operations due to the inconsistent standards.” Han Xueshan, one of the main drafters of the national standard transportation packaging guide and Secretary of the Party committee of China Packaging Research and testing center, believes that this is the biggest feature and function of the standard.
With the rapid development of logistics industry, the protection, environmental protection and other properties of transport packages are gradually valued by the public. To design a reasonable and well protected transport package, it is necessary to start from technology, economy, policy and other aspects, and finally form a transport package that meets the requirements. “Transport packaging is not only related to the packaging industry itself, but also closely related to pre-treatment, bundling, storage, shipment and fixation, etc. In the past, different types of work had different requirements. These requirements could not be unified, resulting in frequent conflicts and conflicts between various links, resulting in package damage, resulting in arbitration and litigation cases from time to time. ” Han Xueshan said frankly that the standard of transport packaging guide aims to provide guidance and suggestions for all departments related to the circulation process to minimize the loss of transport packages.
In order to facilitate the trade between China, Japan and South Korea, China, Japan and South Korea issued the Tokyo Declaration on December 20, 2008, and decided to draft the common standard of the three countries, transportation and packaging guide, in 2010. In 2015, the national packaging Standardization Technical Committee organized meiyingsen Group Co., Ltd. and China Packaging Research and testing center to set up a project working group to analyze the transportation packaging guide of China, Japan and South Korea and prepare to draft national standards. Han Xueshan participated in the whole process of drafting standards. “The transportation packaging guide of China, Japan and South Korea mainly focuses on the transportation packaging of large mechanical and electrical products, and does not cover all the contents of transportation packaging. Therefore, this standard is based on the transportation packaging guidelines of China, Japan and South Korea, combined with the packaging requirements of small and medium-sized products, and has re established the standard framework to make it more comprehensive to cover the transportation packaging. “
Transport packaging is usually used to transport products from producers to consumers. In the process of circulation, transport packages will be affected by various environmental conditions and different storage and transportation methods. Han Xueshan said frankly that, in addition to meeting the requirements of the demander and complying with the relevant restrictions, the three factors that ultimately affect the transportation package plan are the protection function of the package, the overall cost and the impact of the package on the environment. However, if the transportation and storage departments do not fully understand the packaging function, even if the packaging originally suitable for safe transportation is likely to encounter improper disposal in the storage and transportation process, so they cannot ensure the safety of the transportation packaging.
“Therefore, all departments related to the circulation process, including producers, demanders, packaging departments and storage and transportation departments, are responsible for exchanging the information needed to achieve proper packaging and safe transportation, cooperating with each other and working together to ensure the safe transportation of transport packages. While paying attention to the growing environmental protection requirements, we will control the delivery cost from the producer to the demander to the minimum, so as to maximize the value of products. ” Han Xueshan said.
This standard, which will be implemented on July 1 of this year, provides guidance and suggestions for the realization of proper transport packaging and safe transport operation procedures, and provides the key points and relevant information to be considered in the determination and implementation of packaging scheme, loading and fixation of packages, test verification, monitoring and improvement of transport packaging.
In the determination of the packaging scheme, the standard provides detailed guidance from five aspects: the characteristics of the contents, the requirements and restrictions of the demander, the hazard factors, the protection of the contents and the packaging methods. For example, the packaging points of different packaging methods, such as box packaging, barrel packaging, bag packaging, chassis packaging, tray packaging, are specified. The common box packaging is divided into paper type, wood type, plastic type and metal type. “Most light and small products should be packed in cartons; for heavy and large mechanical and electrical equipment, wooden boxes, steel boxes or steel wood combination packing boxes are often used; plastic boxes are mostly used as turnover boxes.” In the paper packaging, the packages with different sizes and environmental requirements have different paper boxes.
Loading and fixing are closely related to the quality of transport packaging. Reasonable loading and fixing is an important method to avoid cargo damage. Therefore, the general principles of loading and fixing are given separately in the standard. For example, the standard puts forward that “the load of the package should be distributed on the floor of the transport vehicle as evenly as possible to avoid the concentrated load on the floor exceeding its limit, and at the same time, the total mass center of all packages should be considered to be within the allowable eccentricity limit of the transport vehicle”; “the binding should be carried out by using steel wire rope, iron chain or binding belt, and the binding position should be on the center of gravity of the package The binding material shall be as short as possible. “
“Next, we will work out the transport and packaging work manual to specify the guidance and requirements of the standard, so that the standard can be truly operated and truly implemented.” Han Xueshan believes that the impact of standards will not only be limited to the transport and packaging industry itself, but also to the upstream and downstream related industries. “This is exactly the original intention and purpose of standard setting.”
From “China Quality News”
World Packing Industrial， Top Stretch Wrap Film Supplier
“标准是首次对与运输包装相关的操作进行统一综合的规范，可以最大限度减少因标准不统一导致不同环节不同操作带来的包装件破损情况。”《运输包装指南》国家标准主要起草人之一、中国包装科研测试中心党委书记韩雪山认为，这是该标准最大的特点与作用。
在物流业飞速发展的今天，运输包装件的保护、环保等性能都逐渐被社会大众所重视，设计出合理的、保护性能完好的运输包装，需要从技术、经济、政策等多个层面入手，最终形成满足要求的运输包装。“运输包装不仅仅涉及包装业本身，还与前期处理、捆扎、仓储、装船固定等等密切相关。以前，不同的工种有各自不同的要求，这些要求无法统一，导致各个环节之间经常发生矛盾和冲突，造成包装件破损，由此带来的仲裁、诉讼案件时有发生。”韩雪山坦言，《运输包装指南》标准就是旨在为与流通过程有关的所有部门提供使运输包装件损失最小化的指导和建议。
为了方便中日韩三国之间的贸易往来，2008年12月20日中日韩三国发表东京宣言，并于2010年决定起草三国共同标准《运输包装指南》。2015年，全国包装标准化技术委员会组织美盈森集团股份有限公司、中国包装科研测试中心组织等成立项目工作组，对中日韩《运输包装指南》进行分析，准备起草国家标准。韩雪山参与了标准制定起草的整个过程。“中日韩的《运输包装指南》主要针对大型机电产品的运输包装，并未涵盖运输包装的全部内容。所以本标准在中日韩《运输包装指南》的基础上，结合中小型产品的包装要求，重新制定了标准框架，使其更全面的覆盖运输包装。”
运输包装产品从生产者运送到消费者手中通常需要采用运输包装。运输包装件在流通过程中，会受到各种环境条件和不同储运方式等若干因素的影响。韩雪山坦言，在考虑运输包装方案的同时，除了满足需方的要求和遵守相关的限制事项之外，最终影响运输包装方案的三大因素是包装的保护功能、总体成本和包装对环境的影响。但是，如果运输和仓储部门不充分了解包装功能的话，即使原本是适合于安全运输的包装件，在储运过程中极有可能遭遇到不恰当的处置，从而也不能确保运输包装件的安全。
“因此，与流通过程有关所有部门，包括生产者、需要者、包装部门和储运部门等，都有责任交换为实现恰当的包装和安全的运输所需要的信息，相互协作，共同努力，确保运输包装件的安全运输。在关注日益增长的环保要求的同时，将从生产者到需要者的交付成本控制到最低限度，使产品的价值最大化。”韩雪山说。
将于今年7月1日开始实施的此项标准，提供了为实现恰当的运输包装和安全运输的操作程序的指导和建议，给出了在包装方案的确定和实施、包装件的装载和固定以及运输包装试验验证、监测和改进各阶段需要考虑的要点和有关信息。
在包装方案的确定中，标准从内装物特性、需方要求和限制事项、危害因素、内装物的防护、包装方式5个方面进行了详细指导。例如，对箱类包装、桶罐类包装、袋类包装、底盘包装、托盘包装等不同包装方式的包装要点进行了规定，将常见箱类包装分为纸质类、木质类、塑料类和金属类。“大多数轻小型产品宜采用纸箱包装；对于重型、大型的机电设备，往往采用木箱、钢箱或钢木结合的包装箱；塑料箱多用作周转箱。”在纸质类包装中，不同尺寸、不同环境要求的包装件又有对应的不同纸质箱类包装。
装载和固定与运输包装的质量关系紧密，合理的装载和固定是避免发生货损的重要方法。因此，标准单独给出了装载与固定的一般性原则。例如，标准提出，“包装件的载荷宜尽可能均匀地分布在运输工具的地板上，避免对地板的集中载荷超过其限度，同时，还需考虑所有包装件的总质心处于运输工具所允许的偏心限度之内”；“采用钢丝绳、铁链或捆扎带等进行捆绑，捆绑位置宜在包装件重心的上方，捆绑材料需尽可能短。”
“接下来，我们将着手制定《运输包装工作手册》，将标准的指导和要求具体化，让标准真正可操作，真正落地。”韩雪山相信，标准的影响将不仅仅局限于运输包装业本身，还将扩展到上下游相关行业。“这也正是标准制定的初衷和目的。”
《中国质量报》